Laser Materials and Wavelengths

The center has also compared the adaptability of different wavelength lasers to different materials, and analyzed the relationship between the absorption characteristics of materials and the wavelength of lasers. This helps users choose the appropriate laser equipment based on their processing requirements.The content covers the response differences of common materials (metal, plastic, ceramics, etc.) to different laser wavelengths (such as 1064nm, 532nm, and 10.6μm) and offers practical selection suggestions.

Why is it so important to match the wavelength of the laser to the material to be processed?

When we use lasers for cutting, engraving, or welding, we often find that some materials work well while others don't work at all.In short, it's because the laser's wavelength and the material's absorption characteristics are out of sync.For example, metals have a high rate of absorption of near-infrared light (e.g. 1064nm), but to process transparent plastics, it may be necessary to use ultraviolet or carbon dioxide lasers (e.g. 10.6 μm).

Analysis of the absorptive properties of different materials.

Metal: Near infrared.

For example, stainless steel and aluminum alloys respond best to 1064nm wavelength fiber lasers.They have a high surface reflectivity, but near infrared light can penetrate the surface and produce heat, which makes it suitable for cutting and welding.However, when faced with high-reflection metals such as copper and gold, it may be necessary to combine the laser with a more powerful pulse to achieve stable processing.

Non-metallic materials: Penetration power depends on wavelength.

Carbon dioxide lasers are more suitable for plastics and wood.Far infrared radiation is easily absorbed by organic matter, and can vaporize the surface in an instant.For transparent materials like glass or acrylic, ultraviolet laser (355nm) may be needed to avoid heat damage. After all, short-wave photons have more energy, and can directly break molecular bonds.

Comparison of application scenarios for mainstream laser wavelengths.

Here is a simple table for quick reference.

1064nm (fiber laser): Cutting / marking metal, engraving dark plastics.

- 532 nm (green laser): high-reflectance metals (copper, silver), some semiconductor materials.

- 10.6μm (CO2 laser): Wood, leather, most plastics.

355nm (UV laser): glass micromachining, precision marking of medical catheters.

Advice on how to avoid pitfalls in the actual selection process.

1. Test small samples: Don't rely on specifications alone. The best way to know if a machine is suitable is to try it out on some of your own material.For example, ABS plastic, which contains carbon black, and PETG, which is semi-transparent, require completely different types of lasers.

2. Balancing cost and efficiency: Although the UV laser is highly versatile, the equipment is expensive and maintenance costs are high.If you only need to do some processing occasionally, it's better to outsource it.

3. Pay attention to material surface processing: Sometimes adding a coating (such as an oxide layer) to a material that does not absorb light can allow the material to be processed with a common laser wavelength, saving both time and money.

Finally, when selecting a laser, it's like picking a key--it's not necessarily true that the most expensive is the best. The key is that it has to be "right for the job.I hope that these experiences will help everyone to avoid making mistakes and to buy equipment that really meets their needs.